Polyphyllin II 是重楼中最重要的皂苷之一，对多种癌细胞有毒害作用。Polyphyllin II 通过 caspases 激活和细胞周期停滞诱导细胞凋亡。

Isosilybin B is a flavonolignan extracted from silymarin that exhibits anti-prostate cancer (PCA) activity, inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and contributes to G1-phase blockade and apoptosis.Isosilybin B induces degradation of the androgen receptor.

孔雀石绿草酸盐是一种三苯甲烷染料，可用于检测酶促反应中磷酸盐的释放。